Originally part of Kevin Hardwick's Narrative Stance Model, where it was also known as "Director" stance. It implies playing with an eye towards changing the game or affecting its development on a metagame level. In Ron Edwards' adaptation of Stance, these were split into separate stances. Author Stance includes only controlling of the character, while Director Stance is controlling other parts of the game. Author Stance includes two sub-categories: (1) "Author" Author Stance where the player then retroactively suggests motivation the character to perform the acts in question; (2) "Pawn" Author Stance where the player does not. See Pawn Stance.